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This essential handbook and ready reference offers a detailed overview of the existing and currently researched technologies available for the control of mercury in coal-derived gas streams and that are viable for meeting the strict standards set by environmental protection agencies.
Written by an internationally acclaimed author team from government agencies, academia and industry, it details US, EU, Asia-Pacific and other international perspectives, regulations and guidelines.

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Preface
PART I: Mercury in the Environment: Origin, Fate, and Regulation
MERCURY IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
Mercury as a Chemical Element
Direct Uses of Mercury
Atmospheric Transport and Deposition
Atmospheric Reactions and Lifetime
Mercury Biogeochemical Cycling
MERCURY AND HALOGENS IN COAL
Introduction
Mercury in U.S. Coals
Mercury in International Coals
Halogens in Coals
Summary
REGULATIONS
U.S. Regulations
INTERNATIONAL LEGISLATION AND TRENDS
Introduction
International Legislation
Regional and National Legislation
Summary
PART II: Mercury Measurement in Coal Gas
CONTINUOUS MERCURY MONITORS FOR FOSSIL FUEL-FIRED UTILITIES
Introduction
Components of a CMM
Installation and Verification Requirements
Major CMM Tests
CMM Vendors
BATCH METHODS FOR MERCURY MONITORING
Introduction
Wet Chemistry Batch Methods
Dry Batch Methods
Recommendations
PART III: Mercury Chemistry in Coal Utilization Systems and Air Pollution Control Devices
MERCURY BEHAVIOR IN COAL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
Introduction
Coal Combustion Boilers
Mercury Chemistry in Combustion Systems
Air Pollution Control Devices on Utility and Industrial Boilers
Mercury Behavior in Coal-Fired Boilers
Summary
GASIFICATION SYSTEMS
Principles of Coal Gasification
Gasification Technologies Overview and Gasifier Descriptions
Gasification Applications and Downstream Gas Cleanup and Processing
Mercury Transformations and Fate
Hg Measurement in a Reducing Environment
Hg Control Technologies for Gasification
Hg and the MATS Rule for Gasifiers
MERCURY EMISSIONS CONTROL FOR THE CEMENT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Introduction
Cement Manufacturing Process Description
State of Knowledge on the Source and Behavior of Mercury in the Cement Kiln System
Mercury Emissions Control Solutions in the Cement Industry
Conclusions
PART IV: Mercury Research Programs in the United States
DOE´S MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT, AND DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM
Introduction
Background
Summary
U.S. EPA RESEARCH PROGRAM
Introduction
Congressionally Mandated Studies
Control Technology from Work on Municipal Waste Combustors (MWCs)
Mercury Chemistry, Adsorption, and Sorbent Development
Coal Combustion Residues and By-Products
EPA SBIR Progra
THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE´S PROGRAM TO CONTROL MERCURY EMISSIONS FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS
Introduction
Co-Benefits of Installed Controls
Sorbent Injection
Boiler Chemical Addition
Novel Concepts for Mercury Control
Integration of Controls for Mercury with Controls for Other Air Pollutants
Summary
PART V: Mercury Control Processes
MERCURY CONTROL USING COMBUSTION MODIFICATION
Mercury Speciation in Coal-Fired Power Plants without Added Catalysts
Role of Unburned Carbon in Mercury Oxidation and Adsorption
Synergistic Relationship between UBC and Calcium in Flyash
Potential Combustion Modification Strategies to Mitigate Mercury Emissions
Effects of Combustion Modifications on Mercury Oxidation across SCR Catalysts
FUEL AND FLUE-GAS ADDITIVES
Background
Summary
CATALYSTS FOR THE OXIDATION OF MERCURY
Introduction
Hg Oxidation and Affecting Parameters
Conclusions and Future Research
MERCURY CAPTURE IN WET FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION SYSTEMS
Introduction
Fate of Net Mercury Removed by Wet FGD Systems
Mercury Reemissions
Effects of Flue Gas Mercury Oxidation Technologies on FGD Capture of Mercury
INTRODUCTION TO CARBON SORBENTS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL
Carbon Materials
Carbon Activation
Carbon Particle Shapes and Forms
Activated Carbon Applications
Activated Carbon Properties in Emission Systems
Summary
ACTIVATED CARBON INJECTION
Introduction
The Activated Carbon Injection System
Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Activated Carbon
Balance-of-Plant Impacts
Future Considerations
HALOGENATED CARBON SORBENTS
Introduction
Application of Activated Carbon for Mercury Control
Development of Halogenated Activated Carbon
CONCRETE-COMPATIBLE ACTIVATED CARBON
Intr

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