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The vegetation types are naturally growing in the different habitats of the different countries of the world. The distribution of these vegetation types varies widely depending upon the climatic features of these habitats. Mangrove forests occur only in the coastal swamps of the warm climates, never grow in those of the cold areas. This book presents a comprehensive repost on the ecology of the mangrove forest along the coastal swamps of all araba worlds countries occurring on the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea in the north the Red Sea and the Arab Gulf in the east. The environmental features and economic values of the mangrove forests and their propagation are also discussed.

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Prof./M.A. Zahran, M.SC.(1962) and Ph.D.(1965) in the field of Plant Ecology. He worked as research assistant and researcher in the National Research center (1959-1963) and Desert Research Institute(1963-1972) in Cairo. In 1972 he was appointed Assistant Professor and promoted to the professorship in 1976 in Faculty of Science, Mansoura University.

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