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Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat worldwide. The foundation of modern medicine is built on the availability of effective antibiotics, especially in economically deprived areas of the world where the disease burden due to bacterial infections remain high .Antibiotic resistance is predominantly fueled by antibiotic use. With their broad spectrum activity for Gram-positives , Gram negatives and anaerobic bacteria ,carbapenems are frequently used as a last line of therapy . Carbapenem antibiotics play a crucial role in the treatment of serious nosocomial infections caused by organisms with reduced susceptibility to other antimicrobials . Unfortunately ,the prevalence of carbapenem- resistant isolates appears to be increasing .These isolates are difficult to control because they spread easily within and between hospitals ,and treatment options for infections caused by carbapenem - resistance isolates are limited and are associated with mortality rates upwards of 50% .Besides the enzymatic mechanism like carbapenemas production.

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Name :Eman Mohammed JarallahNationality: IraqiMarital status: MarriedPost address: Department of Biology ,College of Science ,Babylon University/IraqQualification: Bsc. (1987) from Al-Mustaisurriah University Msc.(1992)in field of Microbiology /Baghdad University ph.D (2008) from Babylon University

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