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The legal framework is an essential instrument in modern rule-of-law societies for defining standards of societal life. Of course, ways of governance by law may vary between legal systems and cultures, but in the analysis of legal governance instruments, the interplay between substantive standards and their procedural enforcement is always of central importance. In the pursuit of certain political or social goals, a legal system is basically faced with two options: the exertion of influence on the behaviour of its citizens either by means of preventive or of reactive instruments. The relationship of these two regulatory tools is a key element for the analysis and understanding of a legal system.
With contributions by:Alexander Bruns, Maximilian Haedicke, Shiho Kato, Sebastian Krebber, Julia Caroline Scherpe, Masabumi Suzuki, Stefan Thönissen, Alisher Umirdinov, Jan von Hein, Miyuki Watanabe, Roman Würtenberger, Dai Yokomizo, Tomohiro Yoshimasa

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