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During the last 200 years since Geology has been established as an integrated science, nearly the same duration as modern Biology, our understanding of the Earth has taken great leaps forward through the works of several experts, and by contributions from a large number of scientific community. In the 21st Century, however, we face a massive challenge to understand and integrate the voluminous data and break-through made in several fields of Genome-Biology, Astronomy, Climate in the near future, fast depleting resources and the fate of human beings in this Planet. The well illustrated chapters in this book provide a succinent summary of the multi-disciplinary nature of science and attempts to bridge genome-level biology through astronomy and earth history. Earth system is synthesized as a unit combining various features of the multi-layered Earth for the undergraduate, graduate and experts belonging to various specialties, with an aim to extend the frontiers of the new-generation as well as the future of science.

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Chapter 1 Earth System
1-1 Earth System
1-2 Climate
1-3 Atmosphere
1-4 Hydrosphere
1-5 Plate tectonics
1-6 Plume tectonics
1-7 Grow tectonics in the core and magnetosphere

Chapter 2 Plate Tectonics
2-1 General concept
2-2 Plate Boundary Process
2-3 Consuming plate boundary process
2-4 Divergent plate boundary
2-5 Strike-slip boundary

Chapter 3 Igneous Petrology
3-1 Volcano and volcanism
3-2 Origin of magma
3-3 Experimental petrology and phase diagram
3-4 Volcanic province and tectonic settings
3-5 Magmatism through time
3-6 Magmatism in the other planets Venus-Mars, Moon and other planets

Chapter 4 Metamorphic petrology
4-1 Metamorphism and plate tectonics
4-2 Metamorphic isograds and subsolidus reactions
4-3 Metamorphic facies, facies series, and subduction zone geotherm
4-4 Geothermobarometries
4-5 Metamorphic fluids
4-6 M
etamorphism through time
4-7 Metamorphic rocks in extra-solar system

Chapter 5 Sedimentology
5-1 Modern sedimentation
5-2 Terminology and classification of sedimentary rocks
5-3 Sedimentation and surface environmental change
5-4 Orogeny and sedimentation
5-5 Sedimentation through time
5-6 Sedimentary rocks on Mars, Venus and other planets

Chapter 6 Structural Geology
6-1 Earthquake and deformation
6-2 Seismicity along plate boundary
6-3 Accretionary complex
6-4 Mountain building
6-5 Exhumation of deep-seated rocks to the Earth surface

Chapter 7 Orogeny
7-1 Classification of orogeny
7-2 Pacific-type orogeny
7-3 Collision-type orogeny
7-4 Arc-arc collision
7-5 Orogeny through time

Chapter 8 World Geology
8-1 Distribution of plate boundary on the Earth
8-2 Geology of Oceans
8-3 Geology of continents
8-4 Geology of North America
8
-5 Geology of S. America and Middle America
8-6 Geology of Africa
8-7 Geology of Australia and adjacent regions
8-8 Geology of Europe
Chapter 9 Earth History
9-1 Overview and Big 8 Events
9-2 Formation of the Earth at 4.6Ga
9-3 Second magma ocean by the Second Ice-meteorite bombardment at 4.0Ga
9-4 Plate tectonics started, life was born, formation of continental crust and birth of Ocean
9-5 Hadean Earth
9-6 Archean Earth
9-7 Proterozoic Earth
9-8 Ediacaran-Cambrian transition
9-9 Phanerozoic Earth
9-10 P/T Boundary
9-11 Birth of Human Being

Chapter 10 Earth system through time
10-1 Crust and continent through time
10-2 Ocean through time
10-3 Atmosphere through time
10-4 Lithosphere through time
10-5 Mantle through time
10-6 Geomagnetism through time
10-7 Earth system through time

Chapter 11 Evolution of Life
11-1 Phylogenic tree
11-2 Origin of Life

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-3 Life under extreme environments
11-4 Archean
11-5 Proterozoic
11-6 Phanerozoic
11-7 Snowball Earth and Cambrian Explosion
11-8 Surface environmental Change and evolution of Life
11-9 Life in the Universe

References
Appendix

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